<resource xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:datacite="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4" xmlns:oaire="http://namespace.openaire.eu/schema/oaire/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://namespace.openaire.eu/schema/oaire/ https://www.openaire.eu/schema/repo-lit/4.0/openaire.xsd"><datacite:identifier identifierType="DOI">10.46298/slovo.2025.15826</datacite:identifier><datacite:alternateIdentifiers><datacite:alternateIdentifier alternateIdentifierType="URL">http://slovo.episciences.org/15826</datacite:alternateIdentifier></datacite:alternateIdentifiers><datacite:creators><datacite:creator><datacite:creatorName>Gruszka, Sarah</datacite:creatorName><datacite:givenName>Sarah</datacite:givenName><datacite:familyName>Gruszka</datacite:familyName><datacite:affiliation>Sorbonne Université</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</datacite:nameIdentifier><datacite:affiliation>Cultures et sociétés d’Europe orientale, balkanique et médiane</datacite:affiliation><datacite:affiliation>Centre d'études des mondes russe, caucasien et centre-européen</datacite:affiliation><datacite:nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">https://ror.org/052wpc865</datacite:nameIdentifier></datacite:creator></datacite:creators><datacite:titles><datacite:title xml:lang="en">Incited hatred, unspeakable hatred: The many facets of hate in times of war and survival</datacite:title><datacite:title xml:lang="fr">Haine encouragée, haines indicibles: Les multiples facettes de la haine en temps de guerre et de survie</datacite:title></datacite:titles><dc:description xml:lang="en">During the two-and-a-half-year siege of Leningrad by German troops, hatred underwent a double reversal of values. As was the case throughout the wartime USSR, it acquired a positive connotation when Soviet propaganda began to encourage hate - even elevating to the status of civic duty - of the fascist enemy. By studying the diaries kept by the besieged Leningraders, this article aims to show to what extent this campaign instrumentalizing emotions, intended to bolster the mobilization of the population, was effective and received by the population. Yet, contrary to the stereotype conveyed by decades of Soviet historiography frozen in a heroic canon, the Germans were not the sole target of the Leningraders’ hatred. In a context of famine, daily struggle for survival, and explosion of the death rate, manifestations of resentment, envy, and egoism appeared among the population, even reaching into the family sphere, which is one of the most untouchable taboos in this story, scorching the prevailing representation of an exemplary society. Such disparity invites us to question this feeling as an infraction of a behavioral and emotional norm that persists in portraying starving inhabitants, on the brink of death, as superhuman, denying them the right and legitimacy to experience emotions that were just as unusual as their living conditions were.</dc:description><dc:description xml:lang="fr">Au cours du siège que subit Leningrad durant deux ans et demi par les troupes allemandes, la haine fit l’objet d’un double renversement des valeurs. Comme dans toute l’URSS stalinienne en guerre, elle acquit une connotation positive quand la propagande soviétique se mit à encourager, voire à ériger au rang de devoir civique, la haine à éprouver envers l’ennemi fasciste. En étudiant les journaux personnels tenus par les assiégés, il s’agit de voir dans quelle mesure cette campagne d’instrumentalisation des affects, qui avait pour objectif de renforcer la mobilisation de la population, fut efficace et comprise par la population. Mais contrairement à l’image d’Épinal véhiculée par des décennies d’historiographie soviétique bien figée dans un canon héroïsant, l’Allemand ne fut pas la seule cible de la haine des assiégés. Dans un contexte de famine, de lutte quotidienne pour la survie et d’explosion de la mortalité, des manifestations de rancœur, d’envie et d’égoïsme apparaissent au sein de la population, s’immisçant jusque dans la sphère familiale. Écornant la représentation dominante d’une société exemplaire louée pour son entraide à toute épreuve, la haine entre proches fera l’objet d’un des tabous les plus intouchables de cette histoire. Un tel décalage invite à interroger ce sentiment en tant qu’infraction à une norme comportementale et émotionnelle qui persistera à présenter des habitants affamés, au seuil de la mort, en surhommes, leur déniant le droit et la légitimité à éprouver des affects tout aussi hors-normes que l’étaient leurs conditions de vie.</dc:description><datacite:subjects><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">stalinism</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">subjectivity</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">diaries</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">historiography</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">nazis</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">hatred</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">emotions</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">World War II</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">blockade</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">siege</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">Leningrad</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">Seconde Guerre mondiale</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">Leningrad</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">siège</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">blocus</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">stalinisme</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">émotions</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">haine</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">nazis</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">historiographie</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">journaux personnesl</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">subjectivité</datacite:subject><datacite:subject subjectScheme="author">[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences</datacite:subject></datacite:subjects><oaire:licenseCondition startDate="2025-06-10 15:34:26" uri="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0">Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)</oaire:licenseCondition><datacite:dates><datacite:date dateType="Accepted">2025-06-10</datacite:date><datacite:date dateType="Issued">2025-06-10</datacite:date><datacite:date dateType="Available">2025-06-10</datacite:date></datacite:dates><dc:language>fra</dc:language><dc:publisher>Presses de l’Inalco</dc:publisher><oaire:resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="literature" uri="http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501">journal        article    </oaire:resourceType><datacite:relatedIdentifiers><datacite:relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="URL" relationType="IsIdenticalTo">https://hal.science/hal-05044571v1</datacite:relatedIdentifier><datacite:relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="ISSN" relationType="IsPartOf">2557-9851</datacite:relatedIdentifier></datacite:relatedIdentifiers><datacite:rights rightsURI="http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2">open access</datacite:rights><oaire:file accessRightsURI="http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2" mimeType="application/pdf" objectType="fulltext">http://slovo.episciences.org/15826/pdf</oaire:file><oaire:version uri="http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85">VoR</oaire:version><dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format><oaire:citationTitle>Slovo</oaire:citationTitle><oaire:citationVolume>La haine, la guerre</oaire:citationVolume><dcterms:audience>Researchers</dcterms:audience><dcterms:audience>Students</dcterms:audience></resource>